{"id":27189,"date":"2026-04-28T15:15:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T13:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/?p=27189"},"modified":"2026-04-28T15:39:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T13:39:11","slug":"pfma-tailings-dams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/en\/pfma-tailings-dams\/","title":{"rendered":"PFMA in tailings dams: keys to identifying relevant failure modes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"27189\" class=\"elementor elementor-27189 elementor-27169\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdee138 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cdee138\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-372c7e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"372c7e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the current mining context, <strong>tailings dam safety management<\/strong> has evolved from deterministic approaches towards risk-based methodologies. In this paradigm shift, <strong>PFMA<\/strong> (Potential Failure Modes Analysis), together with screening-level SQRA (Semiquantitative Risk Assessment), is positioned as a fundamental tool to understand how a facility can fail and, above all, to identify those failure modes that truly matter.<\/p><p>But how is an effective PFMA\/SQRA carried out in <strong>tailings dams<\/strong>? And what are the keys to identifying the predominant failure modes or \u201crisk drivers\u201d?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cce45b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5cce45b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is PFMA\/SQRA and why is it critical in tailings?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e65817f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e65817f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PFMA is a structured process that allows the identification, description and qualitative evaluation of <strong>potential failure modes of an infrastructure<\/strong>. In practice, this process is developed in an integrated manner with screening-level SQRA, incorporating from the outset a risk-oriented and decision-making perspective. In tailings dams, where multiple disciplines are involved (geotechnics, hydraulics, operations, material chemistry), this phase is particularly critical.<\/p><p>It is not simply about listing potential failures, but about:<\/p><ul><li>Understanding the real physical mechanisms that may lead to failure<\/li><li>Assessing their technical plausibility<\/li><li>Identifying the factors that increase or reduce their probability<\/li><li>Prioritising those that may become risk drivers<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8672a80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8672a80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">From PFMA\/SQRA to risk: an iterative process<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c83834 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c83834\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e27e85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3e27e85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"321\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/taller-sqra-mineria.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-27181\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/taller-sqra-mineria.webp 558w, https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/taller-sqra-mineria-300x173.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477b20c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"477b20c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>PFMA\/SQRA<\/strong> is not an isolated exercise nor merely a preliminary stage, but rather the starting point for more advanced analyses such as SQRA or QRA when required. In this context:<\/p><ul><li>An initial selection of potential failure modes (PFMs) is carried out<\/li><li>These are reviewed in detail during expert workshops<\/li><li>Predominant failure modes (<em><strong>risk drivers<\/strong><\/em>) are identified for in-depth analysis<\/li><\/ul><p>In many cases, this level of analysis is sufficient to identify the main risk drivers and support decision-making, without the need to move to more complex analyses. This iterative process allows refining the assessment and focusing efforts on the scenarios that truly govern the overall risk of the facility.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-439241b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"439241b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e818a00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e818a00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key factors for identifying relevant failure modes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e930086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e930086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Below are the key factors that determine the quality of a screening-level PFMA\/SQRA in tailings dams:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-267e967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"267e967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1. Multidisciplinary approach<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb5941 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4eb5941\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Failure modes in tailings<\/strong> rarely respond to a single cause. They are usually the result of interaction between:<\/p><ul><li>Geotechnical conditions (liquefaction, slope stability)<\/li><li>Hydraulic conditions (seepage, overtopping)<\/li><li>Operational factors (changes in construction method, drainage)<\/li><li>Social and environmental factors<\/li><\/ul><p>Therefore, PFMA must involve experts from different disciplines providing complementary perspectives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7f2465 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e7f2465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2. Understanding tailings behaviour<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd4dd72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd4dd72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unlike conventional dams, tailings exhibit complex behaviour:<\/p><ul><li>Non-homogeneous materials<\/li><li>Non-Newtonian behaviour in case of failure<\/li><li>Temporal evolution of their properties<\/li><\/ul><p>Identifying relevant failure modes requires understanding these behaviours and their influence on dam stability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ad14ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ad14ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3. Critical review of available information<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a7069e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a7069e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A robust PFMA is based on a thorough review of:<\/p><ul><li>Design documentation<\/li><li>Operational history<\/li><li>Monitoring data<\/li><li>Previous studies<\/li><\/ul><p>Additionally, it is essential to identify information gaps that may affect risk evaluation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-438f144 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"438f144\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4. Validation through field inspection<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ee7b1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ee7b1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Site visits are a key element:<\/p><ul><li>They allow validation of hypotheses developed in office work<\/li><li>They identify real conditions not documented<\/li><li>They provide direct evidence of potential failure mechanisms<\/li><\/ul><p>The conclusions from these visits are essential to understand the selected failure modes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b8703c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b8703c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5. Plausibility assessment (not all failures are equal)<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c778cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c778cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most common mistakes is to treat all failure modes with the same level of importance.<\/p><p>During PFMA it is necessary to analyse:<\/p><ul><li>Which modes are physically possible<\/li><li>Which are more likely given the system conditions<\/li><li>Which may lead to greater consequences<\/li><\/ul><p>This process allows focusing on the true risk drivers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36cc01b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36cc01b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">From failure modes to decisions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6037ee e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a6037ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b941f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b941f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The final outcome of PFMA is not merely a list of potential failure modes, but a prioritised selection of predominant failure modes that:<\/p><ul><li>Serve as a basis for defining risk reduction measures<\/li><li>Facilitate prioritisation of actions and investments in safety management<\/li><li>Feed quantitative risk analyses when a higher level of detail is required<\/li><\/ul><p>In later stages, these modes are evaluated in detail through expert probability estimates and consequence analyses, enabling a comprehensive view of risk and supporting decision-making.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f0da9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8f0da9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"721\" height=\"444\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/visita-tecnica-presas-relave.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-27184 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/visita-tecnica-presas-relave.webp 721w, https:\/\/www.ipresas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/visita-tecnica-presas-relave-300x185.webp 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 721px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 721\/444;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6de0184 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6de0184\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9681474 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9681474\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ce39c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4ce39c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This type of analysis is much more than an initial stage in risk assessment: it is the process that defines the quality of all subsequent analysis and, in many cases, provides a sufficient level of detail for decision-making.<\/p><p>A well-executed<strong> screening-level<\/strong> <strong>PFMA\/SQRA<\/strong> allows:<\/p><ul><li>Identification of the true risk drivers<\/li><li>Prioritisation of actions and optimisation of resource allocation<\/li><li>Supporting investment and management decisions<\/li><\/ul><p>In a context where standards such as <strong>GISTM require active risk management<\/strong>, screening-level PFMA\/SQRA becomes a key tool to move towards safer, more resilient and sustainable tailings management.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the current mining context, tailings dam safety management has evolved from deterministic approaches towards risk-based methodologies. In this paradigm shift, PFMA (Potential Failure Modes Analysis), together with screening-level SQRA (Semiquantitative Risk Assessment), is positioned as a fundamental tool to understand how a facility can fail and, above all, to identify those failure modes that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":27177,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sin-categorizar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PFMA in tailings dams | Keys to identifying relevant failure modes - iPresas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are the key factors in identifying relevant failure modes? 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